APPENDIX K
TRANSLITERATION
Arabic Latin Arabic
Transliteration Similar Sound
Letter Character Example ا أ ءa مأ amīr amazing بb باب bāb basket ت ةt جات tāj t in French trois ثth تباث thābit thing جj دسج jasad jam similar to hose حĥ نسحـĥasan no English equivalent voiceless pharyngeal fricative similar to Scottish loch خkh ربـخkhabar no english equivalent دd دارdār d in French dais ذdh ركذ dhikr there رr دشار rāshid trilled r as in rose زz ز Lي zakī zebra سs س Oلsahl solid شsh باش shāb shock pharyngeal s صş ربـصşabr no English equivalent similar to daughter ضđ ءايـضđiyā’a no English equivalent pharyngeal t طţ بـطţibb no English equivalent pharyngeal z ظż لـظżill no English equivalent árab ílm voiced pharyngeal fricative
عá, í, ú, ý رمـعúmar no English equivalent ýīd as in French r غgh ارـغghār rester voiced uvular fricative
Arabic Latin Arabic
Transliteration Similar Sound
Letter Character Example فf رجف fajr flower a guttural k قq برق qarīb voiceless uvular stop no English equivalent كk باتك kitāb kin لl سابل libās late مm لام māl morning نn رون nūr noon هh ىد` hudā house وw زو aرwazīr word يy دي yad yellow إi إدامidām insight أa متأ atam advent اـ ā باب bāb father يـ ī رس aرsarīr tree وـ ū روط ţūr root اع áā ملاع áālim ýī ديع ýīd - ّش sh’sh ash’shams sh-sh ash-shams أـ a’ or a- رومأم ma’mūr - bi’ysa ئـ i’y or i-y ب jس - bi-ysa lu’lu’
ؤـ u’ or u- - كلؤس su-lika أ mlبا aş’ĥāb separator to distinguish between sounds ’ ليحكت tak’ĥīl represented by letter pairs as’hal
سأ Oل aş-ĥāb separator to distinguish between sounds - أ mlبا tak-ĥīl represented by letter pairs
Arabic Latin Arabic
Transliteration Similar Sound
Letter Character Example ليحكت as-hal
سأ Oل superscript نم min to indicate an elision - برآم ma-ārib separator when elongation follows a vowel
The definite article ‘al’ is not always transcribed in the transliteration of proper names for the sake of readability, even though it may not be correct in Arabic. The following rules are followed: a. The ‘al’ is retained when used as an auxiliary, as in Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqī and Badruddīn al-Áynī. b. It is omitted when used alone, as in Bayhaqi or Áynī or as in Ĥasan. c.
It is retained when the full name of the book is transcribed, but omitted when the book is known by its popular name like Durr al-Mukhtār.